On 29 February 2024, the situation deteriorated further when armed groups that had previously fought each other but had united under the Viv Ansanm (‘living together’) alliance in late 2023, intensified their attacks on the authorities, public institutions, and utilities, disrupting essential services – electricity, water, healthcare, education, and transportation – and leaving millions struggling to meet basic needs.
Over the course of the year, armed groups gained control of approximately 85 per cent of Port-au-Prince,[1] turning the capital into a battleground, with gangs fighting the police and community self-defence groups. Local residents are often attacked based on their perceived loyalties or where they live.
Armed clashes continue to affect communities in Haiti’s capital, Port-au-Prince. While maintaining functioning medical structures during these clashes is a challenge, with kidnappings and armed robberies rampant across Port-au-Prince, we have continued to provide trauma care. Our teams treat people with gunshot and stab wounds, severe burns, and victims of road accidents in several medical facilities across the capital.
The prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a continuing concern in Haiti. We support multiple health facilities in providing care dedicated to victims of SGBV that includes medical, psychological, and social care. The introduction of a free telephone helpline has increased accessto care, offering victims remote psychological support and referrals to health centres.
Sexual and reproductive care remains an essential area of activity for our teams in Haiti. We are providing women with proper prenatal and neonatal care to continue our work on reducing the maternal and infant mortality rate. We also provide recreational and educational activities to promote family planning and sexually transmitted disease prevention and management.
With enduring armed clashes and frequent natural disasters, our teams conduct emergency operations in Haiti. Water and sanitation support is provided to communities affected by the violence in Port-au-Prince. After an earthquake in August 2021, we provided emergency care to victims that included surgery, water and sanitation support and mobile clinics to rural areas.
Data and information from the International Activity Report 2024.
The first quarter of 2024 was the deadliest since the UN began tracking armed group violence in Haiti.[2] Between February and April, the number of patients arriving with gunshot wounds at MSF’s Tabarre trauma hospital surged from 60 to 100 per month, and we had to expand from 50 to 75 beds to meet the growing demand for surgery. Several major hospitals in Port-au-Prince closed due to mounting insecurity. In 2024, Haiti recorded 5,600 deaths and 2,200 injuries related to violence, a 17 per cent increase compared to the previous year.[3]
Mass displacement is deepening the humanitarian crisis in Haiti, with over one million people driven from their homes in the span of a single year.[4] Many live in informal sites with limited access to water and sanitation facilities, which increases the risk of water-borne diseases. In August, MSF provided treated water in 15 sites, trained site managers on water chlorination and hygiene, built or renovated latrines and emergency showers, and distributed hygiene kits. MSF’s mobile clinics treated people for a wide variety of conditions, including water-borne diseases such as acute watery diarrhoea, and scabies.
In this volatile situation, MSF teams faced severe security threats and incidents that disrupted operations. On 11 November, during an attack on an MSF ambulance, two patients were executed, and accompanying staff members assaulted. In the following days, MSF ambulances were repeatedly stopped by police, who threatened staff with death and sexual violence. As risks grew, we temporarily suspended most of our activities in Port-au-Prince on 20 November, further reducing access to critical healthcare. We partially resumed activities on 11 December.
Treatment for trauma and burns
In March, in response to the significant increase in emergency medical needs, MSF opened the Sant MSF pou Blese trauma centre in Carrefour, Port-au-Prince, to treat victims of gunshot wounds, stabbings, burns, and road accidents. The Turgeau emergency centre, which had closed in December 2023 after a patient was forcibly taken from an ambulance and killed, reopened in March to strengthen emergency care.
On 14 September, a fuel truck explosion in Miragoâne, Nippes department, injured many people. MSF responded by providing critical care to 16 burns victims at Tabarre trauma hospital, the only facility with a specialist burns unit in the country, and six others at Carrefour trauma hospital. As well as treatment for wounds, MSF offers physiotherapy and mental health support to burns patients.
Sexual and gender-based violence
The ongoing gang war in Port-au-Prince has led to a steep increase in sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), leaving victims and survivors in urgent need of shelter, mental health support, and medical care. Since 2015, MSF has offered comprehensive medical and psychological support for victims and survivors of SGBV through Pran Men’m clinic. In 2024, we also provided these services at Carrefour maternity hospital, and at a new programme in Cité Soleil. Meanwhile, we concluded a five-year project that we had been running in Gonaïves, Artibonite department, focused on adolescent sexual health and supporting victims and survivors of SGBV.
Maternal health
The maternal death rate in Haiti remains alarmingly high, rising from 154.9 deaths per 100,000 births in 2022 to 201.2 in 2023. South department, still reeling from the 2021 earthquake, has one of the highest rates, at 343.9 deaths per 100,000 births.[5]
Many healthcare facilities have still not been repaired, while in Port-au-Prince, the brutal fighting in the streets prevents women from seeking care.In response, MSF, in partnership with the Ministry of Public Health and Population, continues to offer emergency obstetric and neonatal services in Port-à-Piment, where teams assist with deliveries, including those requiring specialist care.
To further improve maternal healthcare, MSF started to rehabilitate Isaïe Jeanty maternity hospital in the Chancerelles district of the capital in November 2024. Once completed, the facility will deliver free, high-quality maternal care, family planning, support for victims and survivors of SGBV, and referrals.
[2] UN - https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15674.doc.htm
[3] UN Security Council - https://binuh.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/un_sg_report_on_haiti_-_13_january_2025.pdf
[4] IOM - https://dtm.iom.int/reports/haiti-report-displacement-situation-haiti-round-9-december-2024
[5] Ministère de la santé publique et de la population - https://www.mspp.gouv.ht/wp-content/uploads/Rapport-Statistique-MSPP-2023_web.pdf
IN 2024
